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KMID : 0613820190290020265
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Journal of Life Science
2019 Volume.29 No. 2 p.265 ~ p.271
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Differences in Urine Cadmium Associations with Renal Damage Markers According to the Adjustment with Specific Gravity or Urinary Creatinine
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Kim Yong-Dae
Eom Sang-Yong
Yim Dong-Hyuk
Kwon Soon-Kil
Park Choong-Hee
Kim Guen-Bae
Yu Seung-Do
Choi Byung-Sun
Park Jung-Duck
Kim Heon
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Abstract
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In general, specific gravity (SG) and urinary creatinine (CR) have been used to adjust urinary cadmium (Cd) concentrations. However, the validity of correction methods has been controversial. We compared the two adjustments to evaluate associations between urinary Cd and various renal damage markers and to evaluate the relationship between urinary Cd concentration and renal disease markers, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), in a relatively large general population sample. Among the 1,086 volunteers who were enrolled in this study, 862 healthy volunteers who did not have kidney disease were included in the final analysis. Urinary Cd, malondialdehyde (MDA), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations were measured, the creatinine-based eGFR was calculated, and the relationships between these markers were subsequently analyzed. This study showed the use of urinary Cd concentration adjusted with SG rather than with urinary creatinine may be appropriate in studies evaluating renal function based on Cd exposure. Urinary Cd concentration adjusted with SG had a positive correlation with urinary MDA levels and a negative correlation with eGFR. This relationship was relatively stronger in women than in men. This study showed that urinary Cd level was associated with decreased eGFR in the general population, and oxidative stress was likely to act as an intermediator in this process. These results suggest that eGFR can be a very good indicator of kidney damage caused by Cd exposure in the general population.
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KEYWORD
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Creatinine adjustment, estimated glomerular filtration rate, malondialdehyde, urinary cadmium
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